The aim of the article is to discuss the problem of theoretical pluralism in International Relations (IR), therefore it refers to the fact that, as IR scholars, we work with multiple, often competing, theories offering different ways of explanation or understanding of a given question. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part is focused on the role that theories played at the moment of formation of IR and the role they play today. The second one discusses theoretical pluralism in the meaning of a feature of IR, taking into account in particular its consequences for all IR scholars and theorists, as well as distinguishing between two terms: ‘plurality’ and ‘pluralism’. The third part discusses the opinions on the problem of theoretical pluralism present in the literature – ranging from ‘embracing’ to ‘structured’ versions of pluralism.