The popular belief that human rights are being violated in China, as manifested, for example, in the form of the one-child policy, is a certain simplification. In political terms, China is not a uniform organism. The approaches to children in mainland China and in the autonomous regions differ. Alongside civilizational progress, China is experiencing changes that essentially go in two directions: on the one hand, the wealthy part of the society can afford to disregard the state-imposed financial restrictions and have a number of children; on the other hand, the wealthy have turned these restrictions into the practice of investing in the only child in order to provide it with the best possible conditions for development. Studies show that contemporary Chinese do not in fact long for unrestricted procreation.