RESEARCH ARTICLE
Soft power of terrorist organisations
 
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1
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej, Lublin, Poland
 
2
Collegium Civitas, Warsaw, Poland
 
 
Publication date: 2025-12-29
 
 
Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations 2025;61:202-222
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The analysis of the soft power of terrorist organizations contributes to the broader debate on the transformation of power in contemporary international relations. Changes can be observed in the mechanisms controlling processes that occur in the international environment, as well as in the patterns of power distribution among various participants of international relations. Adopting the descriptive and correlational methods of research, based on desk research and literature review in this article the authors adopted a conceptual and analytical approach to examine the essence and specificity of soft power in the context of terrorist organizations. The analysis first explores the multidimensional structure of soft power and the concept of power diffusion, assuming that terrorist organizations benefit from these processes. Subsequently, it identifies the specific resources of soft power used by these actors and the mechanisms through which they are projected. The article elaborated on case studies to showcase that soft power is harnessed by terrorists across ideological hues. The case studies analyzed include: Red Army Faction, Boko Haram, ISIS. The study demonstrates that terrorist organizations systematically employ various soft power instruments and tools, including ideology, symbolism, media strategies, and community outreach, to enhance their legitimacy, attract recruits, and support political narratives. These mechanisms complement hard-power tactics and are increasingly professionalized. In conclusion, the authors state that soft power has become an integral element of terrorist strategy, operating alongside coercive methods. Thus, understanding the sources and applications of this form of influence provides insights into the evolving nature of non-state power in international relations and highlights the need for counterterrorism approaches that address both physical threats and ideological narratives.
FUNDING
The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No competing interests were disclosed.
ISSN:0209-0961
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