China’s rapid economic growth since the country embarked on the path of economic reform towards the end of the 1970s has allowed it to become the second largest economy in the world and the largest producer of industrial goods. This resulted in a surge in the consumption of energy resources. Chinese authorities pay special attention to dependence on oil suppliers, which is the effect of the dual nature of this resource – political and economic. Ensuring energy security is considered necessary for maintaining economic growth, ensuring China’s security and preserving the existing political system. Energy security is a top priority for Chinese leaders in the 21st century. The purpose of this paper is to analyse China’s international activity aimed at improving the country’s energy security. The author has verified the hypothesis that China is an active participant in international relations in the area of energy, does not challenge the existing oil market regime but instead adjusts to the situation in the markets, trying to take advantage of the instruments at its disposal to improve both its energy security and its international position.